However, success brought complexity. Over time, microfinance became vulnerable to political intervention, bureaucratic resistance, and policy disruptions. Loan waivers announced during elections, the Andhra Pradesh crisis, demonetisation, and repeated cycles of stress every few years led to sharp portfolio deterioration, stalled growth, and significant write-offs. Few industries have faced such persistent external shocks. Spandana, like the sector itself, had to be rebuilt multiple times—requiring extraordinary grit, perseverance, and conviction. Its eventual IPO, post CDR exit, was not merely a financial milestone but a testament to resilience.