Senior Citizens Face Highest Health Risk From Delhi Pollution, Says Pulmonary Expert

In an Outlook Money interaction, Dr Nikhil Modi, Senior Consultant in Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, warned that Delhi’s worsening air quality is no longer just a seasonal inconvenience but a serious health threat, especially for senior citizens.

“The real danger lies in PM2.5 particles,” Dr Modi said. “These tiny particles go deep into your lungs, trigger inflammation, narrow the airways, and increase mucus. This causes persistent cough and breathing problems similar to bronchitis or COPD, conditions we once mainly saw in smokers.” With prolonged exposure, he added, the damage can become permanent and even raise the risk of lung cancer.

Those with pre-existing conditions such as asthma, COPD, or lung fibrosis are particularly vulnerable. Dr Modi said hospitals are seeing more seniors with hypertension, diabetes, kidney or lung issues, many of whom need emergency or ICU care due to pollution.

Pollution’s impact goes beyond the lungs. PM2.5 can enter the bloodstream, which damages blood vessels and increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, paralysis, and neurological problems.

To protect themselves, Dr Modi stressed that seniors should take medicines on time, consult doctors for winter-time dose adjustments, avoid early morning or late evening outings, and always wear N95 masks outdoors. He also advised maintaining a diet rich in antioxidant-packed fruits and vegetables, using HEPA air purifiers at home, and practising light exercise, yoga, and deep-breathing exercises.

“Prevention is always better than cure,” he said. Following these measures can help seniors stay safer during Delhi’s high-pollution days and reduce the risk of long-term health damage.